Tajweed · Lesson
When Two Letters Meet
When one letter ends and another begins, what is their relationship? Compare their makhraj and their sifaat — and you’ll know whether they merge or stay clear.
See letters meet → Jump to practice Builds on the Makhārij & Sifaat lessonsStart here
Whenever two letters sit side by side, we judge them by what you already know: where each comes from (makhraj) and how each is pronounced (sifaat). The closer they are, the more likely they merge. Just compare the two letters and follow the ladder.
The signature
Each example is a real meeting point from the Qur’an. Filter by relationship or tap any one to see the two letters, why they relate, and the Hafs ruling.
One more layer
Each relationship also has a “degree” based on the vowels of the two letters. Only one of them is where merging actually happens.
The first letter is saakin, the second is voweled. This is where idgham happens.
Both letters are voweled. Read clearly in Hafs.
The first is voweled, the second is saakin. Read clearly.
Your turn
Two letters meet in each phrase. Are they identical, homogeneous, or close?
Keep it close
| Relationship | Makhraj & sifaat | Hafs ruling (minor degree) |
|---|---|---|
| Identical المُتماثلان | Same makhraj and same sifaat (the same letter) | Obligatory idgham — except madd letters (قَالُوا وَهُمْ) |
| Homogeneous المُتجانسان | Same makhraj, different sifaat | Idgham in set pairs: ت د ط · ث ذ ظ · ب م |
| Close المُتقاربان | Makhraj or sifaat merely close | Mostly izhar — idgham in ل→ر, ق→ك, and noon’s rules |
| Distant المُتباعدان | Far in both makhraj and sifaat | Always izhar (clear) |