Bāb al‑Ḍād wa al‑Ẓāʾ
ض · ظ
Distinguishing Ḍād from Ẓāʾ
Two letters so easily confused that the author devotes a whole chapter to telling them apart — by makhraj, by the istiṭālah unique to ḍād, and by naming every word in the Qurʾān that carries ẓāʾ.
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Lines 52–59 · Printed pages 117–122
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ض
Ḍād · ḍ
Makhraj: the side of the tongue against the inner upper molars. Has istiṭālah — the lengthening that no other letter shares. Quality: rikhwah (soft, flowing).
ظ
Ẓāʾ · ẓ
Makhraj: the tip of the tongue against the edges of the upper incisors. No istiṭālah. Quality: rikhwah with iṭbāq — a sealed, lisp‑like sound closer to the English “th” in “that.”
Every Ẓāʾ Word in the Qurʾān
The author’s list — by root or exact word. Counts after Iẓhār Thānwī, al‑Jawāhir al‑Naqiyyah.
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ض appears 1,607× · ظ appears 842× in the Qurʾān
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Notes & Citations
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Tashīl al‑Jazariyyah · A commentary on al‑Muqaddimah al‑Jazariyyah by Mufti Mohamed‑Umer Esmail