The Quran has 114 surahs, from al-Fatihah (the Opening) to an-Nas. The longest is al-Baqarah and among the shortest is al-Kawthar. Every surah except at-Tawbah begins with Bismillah.
The Quran is divided into 30 parts (ajza) so it can be completed comfortably in a month — one juz a day, as many do in Ramadan. Each juz is further split into hizb and quarters.
Ayat al-Kursi (2:255) is the greatest verse; al-Fatihah is the greatest surah; and al-Ikhlas equals a third of the Quran in reward when recited.